• Home
• Research Guide
  • Main histories of plastic surgery
    • Wallace 1982
    • Maltz 1946
    • Zeis 1863
    • Santoni-Rugiu P, Sykes PJ 2007
    • Gabka, Vaubel 1983
  • Historical Errors
    • Was Sir Charles Bell affected by facial paralysis (Bell's palsy) himself?
    • Was Tomasz Drobnik really the first to operate on the facial nerve?
  • Art and Plastic Surgery
    • The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp (Rembrandt, 1632)
    • Facial paralysis depicted in art
    • How to make a wax model
  • Early photography
  • Principles and Methods
    • Nerve tubulation
    • Rhinoplasty
    • Blepharoplasty
    • Otoplasty
    • Cheiloplasty
    • Abdominoplasty
    • Muscle grafting
    • Fat grafting
    • Tendon transfer
    • Nerve repair
    • Prostheses
    • Injectable fillers
    • Surgical dressings
    • Skin transplantation
    • Microsurgery
    • Breast augmentation
    • Suturing
    • Z-plasty
    • Hand surgery
    • Skin Ink
      • Bonney's blue (dye)
  • Surgeons
  • Historians
  • Indications
    • Facial paralysis
    • Radial nerve palsy
    • Dupuytren's disease
    • Flexor tendon injury
    • Noma
    • Burns
    • Cleft lip
    • Cleft palate
    • De Quervain's tenosynovitis
    • Hypospadia
    • Epispadia
    • Lymphoedema
    • Triggerfinger
    • Extensor tendon injury
    • Nerve injury
    • Infections of the hand
    • Protruding Ears
    • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Etymology
    • Lagophthalmos or Hare Eye
  • Eponyms
    • Anatomical structure
      • Upper extremity
      • Breast
      • Head, face and neck
    • Syndrome
      • Poland's syndrome
    • surgical method
    • Anesthesia type
      • Böhler's Fracture Hematoma Block
    • Fracture type
      • Smith's fracture
  • Quotes
  • Anatomy
  • Societies
    • British Society for Surgery of the Hand
    • Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons
  • Historical Meetings and Lectures
  • Museums and Exhibitions
  • Departments
    • University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
• Journal
• About Us
• Contact us

Welcome at the website of the Carl Ferdinand von Graefe Institute

for the History of Plastic Surgery.

By Eleanor Crook (2005)